Effective Microorganisms Improve Growth, Nutrients Uptake, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Photosystem II, and Essential Oil While Reducing Canopy Temperature in Water-Stressed Salvia sclarea Plants

Clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), a member of the Lamiaceae family aromatic plants, is used as flavoring in food, fragrance, and cosmetic industries. Egypt’s food pharmaceutical industries require more natural resources, thus new crops have been introduced to meet demand. In addition, various environmental conditions, such water stress, influence plant growth essential oil output. The microorganisms included biofertilizers that enzymes solubilize minerals include growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs). Therefore, field experiment was carried out test how irrigation management, i.e., 100% reference evapotranspiration (ETo) (full irrigation) or 50% ETo (water stress), can affect herbal yield, oil, physiological aspects clary sage, well improve plants utilizing biofertilizer Mediterranean climate zone. main processes through which PGPRs aid coping with stress increased macro micronutrient concentrations (P, N, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, B, Mn, Cu, Fe), dehydrogenase activity, traits photosystem II (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content (SPAD-value), plant’s health (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI), shoot dry weight, leaf area plants. Application different reduced canopy temperature (CT), improving either under ETo. Consequently, usage appropriate for alleviating stresses experienced by has potential use maintaining productivity may be regarded an important component sustainable agricultural practices.